APA Style is an editorial style developed by the American Psychological Association and used for written materials in the social and behavioral sciences. APA Style requires you to cite the sources you have used in two places: the in-text citation and as part of your reference list at the end of your paper.
In APA style, each quotation or paraphrase must include the author's last name and the year of publication. For quotations you must also include the page number.
By paraphrasing (or summarizing), you convey the author's original meaning in your own words. Below are two examples:
The potential for truly integrated online research continues to develop at a rapid pace (Moore, 2001).
Baker (1989) comments on the fact that students who have a great interest in laboratory work attain good results.
It is when a group of words taken are from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker. The following is an example of a brief quotation:
They point out that, “Informational labels are especially important for nonprint materials because they can furnish critical information which otherwise might not be evident from looking at the item on the shelf” (Driessen & Smyth, 1995, p. 32).
Source Type |
References Explainer |
References Example |
In-Text Citation |
---|---|---|---|
Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available) |
Napoli, P. (2019). Social media and the public interest: Media regulation in the disinformation age. Columbia University Press. |
(Napoli, 2019) |
Webpage, Group Author |
Group name. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name. URL. |
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims |
(American Society, 2019) |
Scholarly Article |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy |
Lee, C. Y., & Goldstein, S. E. (2016). Loneliness, stress, and social support in young adulthood: Does the source of support matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(3), 568- 580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0395-9 |
(Lee & Goldstein, 2016) |